![]() You could have a 3/4 time signature at 120 bpm, or a 4/4 at 120 bpm, and you'd play at exactly the same speed as long as the note values are the same. the time signature - roughly speaking, how many beats in your given tempo do you play before the rhythmic structure repeats.You have one tempo, and if different instruments play shorter or longer notes, you just write the appropriate note values to match the tempo. Likewise, unless you are in the realm of avantgarde music, you don't have more than one tempo simultaneously. You just have to write the appropriate note values. obviously, when you switch from a melody consisting of half and quarter notes to one of sixteenths, you have to play faster, even though the tempo doesn't change. If you're playing in 4/4, you can play one whole note per bar, or two half notes, or four quarters, or eight eighths. the values of the notes you're playing.For a sudden change, you write the new speed above the measure where the tempo changes (either in beats per minute, or in one of the vague tempo terms like "moderato" or "presto"). ![]() I.e., how much time passes between each quarter note, or in layman's terms, when you're tapping your foot to the music, how fast are you tapping? Changes in the pulse are notated as "acc." for "accelerando" (get faster) and "rit." for "ritardando" (get slower) when it's a gradual change. When you're talking about speed, it's important to keep three concepts separated:
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